. Association football
Football
refers to a number of sports that involve kicking a ball with the foot to score
a goal. The most popular of these sports worldwide is association football,
more commonly known as just "football" or "soccer".
Association
football, more commonly known as football or soccer is a sport played between
two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million
players in over 200 countries, making it the world's most popular sport. The
game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of
the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal. The goalkeepers are the only players
allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and then
only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or
pass the ball, but may use their head to strike the ball instead. The team that
scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at
the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time
and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition.
History
According to
FIFA the competitive game cuju is the earliest form of football for which there
is scientific evidence. It occurs namely as an exercise in a military manual
from the third and second centuries BC.
The world's
oldest football competition is the FA Cup, which was founded by C. W. Alcock
and has been contested by English teams since 1872. The first official
international football match also took
Rules
Each team consists of a maximum of eleven
players (excluding substitutes), one of whom must be the goalkeeper.
Competition rules may state a minimum number of players required to constitute
a team, which is usually seven. The basic equipment or kit players are required to wear
includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and shin guards. A number of players may be replaced
by substitutes during the course of the game. The maximum number of
substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league
games is three, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions or
in friendly matches. Common reasons for a substitution include injury,
tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or timewasting at the end of a
finely poised game. In standard adult matches, a player who has been
substituted may not take further part in a match. A game is officiated by a referee whose
decisions are final. The referee is assisted by two assistant referees. In many
high-level games there is also a fourth official who assists the referee and
may replace another official should the need arise.
The Ball
The ball is
spherical with a circumference of between 68 and 70 centimetres a weight in the
range of 410 to 450 grams.
Referee
standing with a ball.
The Pitch
Kick-off: following a goal by the opposing
team, or to begin each period of play.
Throw-in: when the ball has crossed the
touchline; awarded to the opposing team to that which last touched the ball.
Goal kick: when the ball has wholly crossed the
goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by a
player of the attacking team; awarded to defending team.
Corner kick: when the ball has wholly crossed the
goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by a
player of the defending team; awarded to attacking team.
Indirect free kick: awarded to the opposing team
following fouls, or when play is stopped to caution or dismiss an opponent
without a specific foul having occurred. A goal may not be scored directly
(without the ball first touching another player) from an indirect free kick.
Penalty kick: awarded to the fouled team following
a foul usually punishable by a direct free kick but that has occurred within their
opponent's penalty area.
Dropped-ball: occurs when the referee has stopped
play for any other reason, such as a serious injury to a player, interference
by an external party, or a ball becoming defective.
A player
taking a direct free kick.
Competitions
There are two
types of competitions.
1.
International competitions.
2. Domestic
competitions.
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